Integrasi Biochar Kulit Kopi dan Irigasi Defisit untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Fisiologis dan Produktivitas Kopi pada Cekaman Kekeringan
Integration of Coffee Husk Biochar and Deficit Irrigation to Enhance Physiological Resilience and Productivity of Coffee under Drought Stress
Keywords:
Biochar, Cekaman Kekeringan, Fisiologi Kopi, Irigasi Defisit, ProduktivitasAbstract
Produksi kopi di wilayah tropis semakin menghadapi tantangan akibat cekaman kekeringan yang dipicu oleh variabilitas iklim, sehingga berdampak pada gangguan fisiologis dan penurunan produktivitas tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh biochar berbasis limbah kulit kopi dan irigasi defisit terhadap ketahanan fisiologis serta produktivitas tanaman kopi. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dua faktor, yaitu dosis biochar (0, 5, dan 10 ton ha⁻¹) dan tingkat irigasi (100%, 75%, dan 50% kebutuhan air tanaman) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kandungan klorofil (SPAD), laju fotosintesis, akumulasi prolin daun, dan produktivitas. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut DMRT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi biochar secara signifikan meningkatkan kandungan klorofil dan laju fotosintesis serta menurunkan akumulasi prolin pada kondisi defisit air. Interaksi biochar dan irigasi menunjukkan bahwa dosis 10 ton ha⁻¹ mampu mempertahankan stabilitas fisiologis dan produktivitas pada kondisi cekaman. Secara teoretis, penelitian ini memperkuat integrasi manajemen tanah dan air, sedangkan secara praktis mendukung pemanfaatan limbah kopi sebagai teknologi budidaya berkelanjutan.
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