Integrasi Rasio Kesetaraan Lahan, Efisiensi Nitrogen, dan Efisiensi Radiasi pada Tumpangsari Jagung–Kedelai untuk Intensifikasi Ekologis Berkelanjutan
Integration of Land Equivalent Ratio, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Radiation Use Efficiency in Maize–Soybean Intercropping for Sustainable Ecological
Keywords:
Efisiensi Nitrogen, Efisiensi Radiasi, Intensifikasi Ekologi, Rasio Kesetaraan Lahan, Tumpangsari Jagung-KedelaiAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi sistem tumpangsari jagung–kedelai dalam meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan lahan dan produktivitas total melalui pendekatan intensifikasi ekologis. Keterbatasan lahan pertanian dan tingginya ketergantungan terhadap pupuk nitrogen sintetis menuntut sistem budidaya yang lebih efisien dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam perlakuan, terdiri atas sistem monokultur dan beberapa variasi proporsi tumpangsari substitusi serta aditif. Parameter utama yang dianalisis meliputi Rasio Kesetaraan Lahan (Land Equivalent Ratio/LER), Efisiensi Penggunaan Nitrogen (Nitrogen Use Efficiency/NUE), dan Efisiensi Penggunaan Radiasi (Radiation Use Efficiency/RUE). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sistem tumpangsari memiliki nilai LER > 1, dengan nilai tertinggi pada sistem aditif (1,42), yang menunjukkan peningkatan efisiensi lahan sebesar 42% dibandingkan monokultur. Sistem tumpangsari juga meningkatkan NUE dan RUE secara signifikan, terutama pada proporsi kedelai yang lebih tinggi. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi serealia–legum mampu meningkatkan produktivitas melalui komplementaritas ekologis dan efisiensi sumber daya.
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