Mitigasi Cekaman Salinitas melalui Inokulasi Mikoriza terhadap Respons Fisiologis dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
itigation of Salinity Stress through Mycorrhizal Inoculation on the Physiological Responses and Growth of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Keywords:
Cekaman Salinitas, Mikoriza, Pertumbuhan Tanaman, Rasio Na⁺/K⁺, TomatAbstract
Cekaman salinitas merupakan salah satu faktor abiotik utama yang membatasi produktivitas tanaman pertanian, khususnya pada tanaman hortikultura seperti tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Konsentrasi garam yang tinggi dalam tanah dapat mengganggu keseimbangan ion, menghambat penyerapan air dan unsur hara, serta menurunkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi dampak negatif cekaman salinitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi peran inokulasi mikoriza dalam memitigasi cekaman salinitas melalui respons fisiologis dan pertumbuhan tanaman tomat. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu tingkat salinitas (0, 3, 6, dan 9 dS m⁻¹) dan dosis mikoriza (0, 5, dan 10 g tanaman⁻¹) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi rasio Na⁺/K⁺ daun, kandungan prolin, dan bobot kering total tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan salinitas meningkatkan rasio Na⁺/K⁺ dan kandungan prolin serta menurunkan bobot kering tanaman. Namun, inokulasi mikoriza mampu meningkatkan toleransi tanaman terhadap salinitas dengan menekan rasio Na⁺/K⁺, mengurangi akumulasi prolin, dan meningkatkan biomassa tanaman. Interaksi antara salinitas dan mikoriza menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap respons fisiologis dan pertumbuhan tanaman.
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